As tensions rise between India and Pakistan over water resources, China has stepped in to speed up the construction of a major dam in Pakistan following India’s recent suspension of the Indus Waters Treaty.
This treaty, a long-standing water-sharing agreement signed in 1960, has been a cornerstone of cooperation between the two nations.
However, India halted its participation in early 2023, citing security concerns after a violent attack on tourists in Kashmir.
This move has deepened mistrust, leaving Pakistan worried about its water supply, since it depends heavily on the Indus River system for farming, a crucial part of its economy.
India’s decision to suspend the treaty isn’t just a symbolic act.
Reports indicate that the country plans to divert more water from the Indus River system, which could reduce the flow reaching Pakistan.
The Indus, originating in the Himalayas, supports millions of farmers in both nations, but Pakistan’s reliance is far greater.
With India’s diversion plans requiring new infrastructure, the stakes are high.
Analysts warn this could set off a dangerous precedent, possibly encouraging other upstream countries like China to control rivers such as the Brahmaputra, which also affects downstream nations.
Amid this brewing crisis, China has accelerated work on the Mohmand Hydropower Project on Pakistan’s Swat River, a key part of its Belt and Road Initiative.
This dam, once completed, will generate 800 megawatts of electricity and provide drinking water to Peshawar, a major city.
Additionally, China is involved in the Diamer-Bhasha Dam, another massive project aimed at securing Pakistan’s water and energy needs.
A spokesperson from Pakistan’s Water and Power Development Authority stated, “These projects are critical for our future, especially with the uncertainty over the Indus waters.”
China’s involvement, while a boost for Pakistan, adds a complex layer to regional tensions.
The geopolitical implications of China’s actions are significant.
By investing heavily in Pakistan’s infrastructure, including dams and energy projects, China is strengthening its influence in South Asia.
This isn’t just about water or power; it’s about shifting alliances.
As one expert noted, “China’s role could turn a bilateral water dispute into a larger international issue.”
The risk of conflict between India and Pakistan grows, with water security becoming a flashpoint.
Both nations face challenges due to limited infrastructure and rising populations, making every drop of water a precious resource.
Furthermore, Pakistan’s dependence on the Indus for 80 percent of its water supply heightens the urgency of securing alternative resources amidst these tensions 80 percent dependence.
The broader impact of this situation can’t be ignored.
If unresolved, the dispute over the Indus River system might lead to what some call “water wars,” affecting millions.
While Pakistan builds dams with China’s help, India pushes forward with its diversion plans, including the expansion of the Ranbir Canal to increase water diversion capacity Ranbir Canal expansion.
The international community watches closely, aware that water conflicts in this region could ripple far beyond South Asia’s borders, reshaping alliances and testing global patience in 2025 and beyond.